Correlation between the cephalometric measurements and acoustic properties of /s/ sound in Turkish

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the acoustic properties of the /s/ sound in individuals with different occlusion types and to investigate relationships between these properties and cephalometric measurements. Methodology Sixty patients were divided into three groups based on malocclusion. Group 1 included 20 patients (mean age: 14.85±2.01 years) with Class I skeletal and dental relationships. Group 2 included 20 patients (mean age: 13.49±1.78 years) with Class II skeletal and dental relationships. Group 3 included 20 patients (mean age: 12.46±2.62 years) with Class III skeletal and dental relationships. Cephalometric tracings were obtained from cephalometric radiographs. All included patients were native speakers of Turkish. The /s/ sound was selected for center of gravity analysis. Correlations between cephalometric values and acoustic parameters were also investigated. Results The center of gravity of the /s/ sound had the lowest value in Group 2 (p<0.05). For the /s/ sound in Group 3, moderate positive correlations were found between center of gravity and Sella-Nasion to Gonion-Gnathion angle (p<0.05, r=0.444) Lower incisor to Nasion-B point (p<0.023, r=0.505), and Lower incisor to Nasion-B point angle (p<0.034; r=0.476). No correlation was found in other cephalometric measurements. Conclusions The /s/ sound was affected by malocclusion due to the changing place of articulation. Therefore, referral to an orthodontist for malocclusion treatment especially patients with class III in the early period is suggested for producing acoustically ideal sound.

Padrões silábicos no desenvolvimento fonológico típico e atípico: análise ultrassonográfica / Syllabic patterns in typical and atypical phonological development: ultrasonographic analysis

RESUMO Objetivo O presente estudo busca comparar, por meio da ultrassonografia de língua, a produção de padrões silábicos do tipo CCV e CV realizados por crianças brasileiras com desenvolvimento fonológico típico e atípico. Método Dez crianças (cinco com desenvolvimento fonológico típico e cinco atípico) gravaram nove pares de palavras das sílabas: CCV e CV. As imagens e os áudios foram capturados simultaneamente pelo programa Articulate Assistant Advanced. Os dados foram submetidos à análise oitiva e à análise articulatória ultrassonográfica (área entre a ponta e a lâmina da língua). As medidas de área foram submetidas à ANOVA de medidas repetidas. Resultados Para os valores de área, a ANOVA mostrou um efeito significativo para a condição clínica das crianças (típica e atípica) (F(1,8)=172,48, p>0,000). As crianças atípicas (CAs) apresentaram, em ambos os padrões silábicos (CCV e CV), valores superiores da área entre a ponta e a lâmina da língua. Com relação aos padrões silábicos analisados, o teste estatístico não mostrou nenhum efeito significante (F(1,8)=0,19, p>0,658). Conclusão O uso de maior área de língua por parte das crianças com desenvolvimento fonológico atípico sugere a não diferenciação dos gestos de ponta e do corpo anterior da língua na produção de CV e CCV.

ABSTRACT Objective The present study aims to compare the production of syllabic patterns of the CVC and CV types performed by Brazilian children with typical and atypical phonological development through ultrasonography of tongue. Methods Ten children (five with typical and with five atypical phonological development) recorded nine pairs of words from the syllables: CCV and CV. The images and audios were captured simultaneously by the Articulate Assistant Advanced software. The data were submitted to perceptive analysis and ultrasonographic articulatory analysis (the area between the tip and the blade of the tongue). The area measurements were submitted to one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results ANOVA demonstrated a significant effect for the clinical condition (typical and atypical), (F (1.8) = 172.48, p> 0.000) forthe area measurements. In both syllabic patterns (CCV and CV) the atypical children showed greater values ​​of the area between the tip and the blade of the tongue. Regarding the syllabic patterns analyzed, the statistical test showed no significant effect (F (1.8)=0.19, p>0.658). Conclusion The use of a greater area of ​​the tongue by children with atypical phonological development suggests the non-differentiation of the tip and the anterior body gestures of the tongue in the production of CV and CCV.

Eletropalatografia e sua correlação à ultrassonografia do movimento de língua nas análises da fala / Electropalatography and its correlation to tongue movement ultrasonography in speech analysis

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o uso da eletropalatografia e ultrassonografia na área da Fonoaudiologia por meio de revisão narrativa de literatura. Estratégia de pesquisa Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados PubMed e Scielo, utilizando como descritores electropalatography, electropalatography AND evaluation, electropalatography AND therapy, electropalatography AND ultrasonography, electropalatography AND speech. Critérios de seleção Como critério da pesquisa em base de dados, foram selecionados: estudos dos últimos cinco anos e estudos em humanos. Na pré-seleção, foram descartados estudos duplicados, não disponibilizados na íntegra e que não apresentassem relação direta da eletropalatografia para a área da Fonoaudiologia. Análise dos dados A análise de dados foi realizada de forma descritiva, seguindo as subdivisões: título, área, ano, tema, aplicação e conclusão do estudo. Resultados Foram selecionados vinte e um artigos, oito deles utilizando o termo electropalatography, dois com os descritores electropalatography AND evaluation, seis artigos com os descritores electropalatography AND therapy, três artigos com os descritores electropalatography AND ultrasonography e dois artigos com os descritores electropalatography AND speech. Conclusão Foram encontrados e analisados diferentes tipos de pesquisas envolvendo o uso da eletropalatografia na área da Fonoaudiologia. Poucas pesquisas utilizaram concomitantemente a eletropalatografia e a ultrassonografia.

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze the use of electropalatography and ultrasonography regarding speech therapy through literature narrative review. Research strategies A literature review was conducted at PubMed and Scielo databases, using descriptors as electropalatography, electropalatography AND evaluation, electropalatography AND therapy, electropalatography AND ultrasonography, electropalatography AND speech. Selection criteria The research criteria selected in the database were: studies in the past five years and studies in humans. In the pre-selection, studies that were duplicate, not fully available, and have shown no direct relation with electropalatography in speech-language therapy were discarded. Data analysis Data analysis was performed descriptively, following subdivisions: title, area, year, subject, implementation, and conclusion of the study. Results Twenty one papers were selected, eight of them using the term electropalatography, two with the keywords electropalatography AND evaluation, six with the keywords electropalatography AND therapy, three of them with the keywords electropalatography AND ultrasonography, and two papers with the keywords electropalatography AND speech. Conclusion Different types of research involving the use of electropalatography in the field of speech-language therapy were found and analyzed. Few researches have concomitantly used electropalatography and ultrasonography.